Answers for pop quiz: assignment #3

1. Describe the difference between basic and applied research and propose examples for each type. (a topic discussed by Dr. Simmons)
   • Basic research /science:

     Derives principles and concepts that attempt to explain the nature of things; it is generally broader in scope and usually carrys areas of science to new levels of knowledge.

     Examples:
     • Discovery of the genetic code (makeup of DNA)
     • study of subatomic particles

   • Applied research/science:

     The application of principles and concepts used in solving problems; it is generally more restricted in scope.

     Examples:
     • Developing a new paper making process
     • developing a new type of food plant

2. What is biotechnology (define)? Give two examples. (from Dr. Wong's lecture)
   • Biotechnology:

     "The use of technologies based on living systems (plants, animals, or microbes) to develop commercial processes and products or improve existing species."

   • Examples:
     • As early as 2,000-4,000 BC:
       • beermaking
       • winemaking
       • breadmaking
       • cheesemaking
     • 20th century:
       • Isolation of the antibiotic penicillin from the mold Penicillium by Alexander Fleming in 1928
       • Purification and promotion of penicillin as an antibiotic by Howard Florey a decade later